VBscript Automation


The VBScript helps us in controlling the browser's window.
Moreover, the browser's window is the container, where your pages get displayed, and your code executed.
The World Wide Web Consortium specification for two-dimensional layouts describes methods you can use to place 2-D material into HTML pages. In addition to layout capabilities, the page editor contains its set of ActiveX controls that you can use in special HTML files called HTML Layouts. HTML Layout files had an ALX extension and embedded into standard HTML files.

The Script Wizard automates the creation of VBScript and JavaScript code in HTML or ALX files. The Script Wizard gives you easy, graphical access to the methods, properties, and events of ActiveX controls and ActiveX layout components.
The Script Wizard is a tool that enables you to graphically manipulate and use the properties, methods, and events for ActiveX objects in HTML. The VBScript helps us in controlling the browser's window.

Moreover, the browser's window is the container, where your pages get displayed, and your code executed.
The page editor of the ActiveX Control Pad enables you to create HTML pages that behave and look very much like stand-alone applications set up with a programming tool such as Microsoft Visual Basic.

You can use the Script Wizard to create the VBScript code that would control the ActiveX objects.
The opener property returns the window object that opened the current window. The opener property does not return a window name or another window property.

It returns an actual object that you can use to access the properties of the window from which the current window opened.
  • The window object is the browser's window that you see on-screen.
  • 'Name' is a read-only property that returns the name of the window.
To create a named window, you must use the TARGET attribute with one of the HTML tags to which it applies. For example,the

<A> tag frequently used with the TARGET attribute, which tells the browser to display the destination HTML document in another window.
The parent's property returns the name of the parent window, which contains the specific window.
The parent property of the window object is an object itself, and through its properties, you can adjust the appearance of the parent window.

Self is a window object that represents the current window, but, although mentioned in Microsoft's documentation, it is not yet supported by Internet Explorer 3.0

This property operates similarly to the parent and opener properties, in the sense that it returns a window object and not the name of the window.

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VBScript Window Object

A window can also contain frames, which we can access through the frames object. The frames object is an array of objects, the first frame being frames(0), the second one frames(1), and so on.
  • The window has document object and a location property.
  • If the window contains frames, however, each frame in the window has its location property.
  • To monitor the background color of the document in the first frame, you must access the bgColor property of the document of the first frame.
  • Moreover, every parameter of the window you can adjust through VBScript code is a property of the window object.
  • The window object exposes the name property, which enables us to examine the name of a window from within our code. Please tell me that how can we manipulate the background color of the document on the window.
  • To manipulate the background color of the document on the window, you must first access the document property of the window and then the bgColor property of the document object.
  • The document property is the window object's property which represents the document displayed on the window.
  • This property is another object, with its properties. The document has a background color, whose value could be manipulated with the document's bgColor property.
  • The location object is a property of the document object, which enables you to manipulate the URL of the document displayed in the window.
  • One property the location object provides is called href and is the URL of the document displayed. It is the URL displayed in Internet Explorer's Address box.
  • The URL is a location property, and the location object applies to the document object.
Thus, the location is a property of the document and not the window. href is a property of the location object, which in turn is a property of the document object, which in turn is a property of the window object. You must write down a sequence of objects, starting with the top-level object that is the window object and works your way down to the lower-level object whose property you want to access.
  • The various objects through which you can control the behavior of Internet Explorer forms a hierarchy.
  • The window object is the top level object in this hierarchy and acts as a container for all other objects.
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VBScript Popup Menu control


The Menu control is quite similar to the Popup Menu control, only closer to the actual structure of a menu bar. Each Menu control remains visible on the screen at all times and looks like a command button.

When the mouse pointer moved over the Menu control, the control's caption takes a three-dimensional look. Besides, an arrow pointing down suggests that the menu leads to a submenu. It is possible to have menus without submenus, which behave similarly to command buttons, but they have the same look as the other Menu controls.

The size of the Popup Menu control on the layout has nothing to do with its actual size when it pops up. The real size of the control depends on the number of choices it contains and broad enough to accommodate them all.
Also, one thing that you should keep in mind is that the current implementation of the control is not invisible. Instead, a white stripe with the size of the control at design time remain visible on the layout.

Once the Popup Menu control has placed on the design, reduce it to a single line to avoid the white stripe on the layout at runtime.
  • The Popup Menu control does not have many properties you can set at design time through the Properties window anyway.
  • The Popup Menu control does not provide a property that would return the actual string of the selected item, just its index.
If you need access to the actual string from within your code, you must store the options in a global array and use the index returned by the Click event to access the values.

The Menu control has an ItemCount property that returns the number of items in control, as well as a Caption property that sets the menu's title. The index of the selected item is reported back to the program from within the control's Click event handler.
This event is triggered when a menu option is selected. Because some menus might not lead to submenus, the Menu control recognizes the Select event, which is triggered only when the user clicks a Menu control without a submenu.
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VBScript in Web Development

Using VBScript within your Web pages enables you to create a very dynamic and interactive experience for the Web surfers who visit your site.

It is true whether you have a site that is visible to the entire Internet or an intranet site visible only to users of your company's LAN or WAN.

Visual Basic is an inherently graphical programming language. The way most information is retrieved and processed by the user is through graphical user interface (GUI) objects that you create for your user.

Once the GUI is in place, the user causes the functions and procedures within your program initiated through keystrokes or mouse clicks.

Writing programs in a high-level language such as Visual Basic is much more like writing instructions in plain English. The conceptual buffer between a language that is close to the chip and a higher-level language is called abstraction.
You know more about what's going on when you read an assembly language program, but you could do it in Basic and not have to worry about moving blocks of memory around yourself.

VBScript programs will begin with a <SCRIPT> tag and end with a </Script> tag. Your procedures and Functions would work the same way.

The procedure created, ended and your program code goes in between.
The first thing you'll notice in the VBScript code block is the
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="VBS"> line.
Keep in mind that you must close out your script code block with a tag.

If you do not add this tag, your script usually won't run, and you would not know what's going on because you are not going to see any error messages. Errors like this are tough to track down because if your code block is large, you might start hacking away at the perfectly good code to see if you can figure out what's wrong. An error like this can waste much time because nothing you try works.

Variables in VBScript

All variables in VBScript are of the type variant. A variant is a variable that is simply the name for a piece of data. A variant is a variable that is simply the name for a piece of data.
The variant type does not differentiate between types of data until the time comes to process that data. It means that a variable can represent literally any value or type of value.

Procedures in VBScript

A program is made up of one or more procedures. A procedure is an instruction block in VBScript.
Regular procedures, or Subs, simply act on data, but a special procedure called a Function returns a value to the procedure that called it. Be aware that all your scripts would be made up of procedures and Function blocks.

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VBScript Active X Controls


Microsoft has made available many controls that you can use in your VBScript HTML pages. Keep in mind that for these controls to work, it's up to the client to install them on his or her machine.

These controls are freely distributable and can be made available to people interested in seeing and using your implementation of the object on their machines.

ActiveX File

An ActiveX file is the 32-bit cousin of the VBX control and used in both Visual Basic and VBScript. An ActiveX control is more advanced and flexible in that it implements OLE in-process servers as DLLs.
In other words, it supports some very useful OLE features, such as in-place activation, automation, and event notification.

Code Signing

Code signing lets the user know who produced the code and whether that code has changed since the control was signed. Users can set the level of security for the controls that are loaded into their browsers.
They can also accept all controls from a particular company, accept controls after a confirmation dialog, and accept or reject all controls to loaded onto their machines.

Because ActiveX controls are potentially such powerful components, you must consider some security issues.
You must also remember that an ActiveX control can do anything that could be done on a client machine.
Though the size of the ActiveX controls created with the Control Wizard is modest, for users to access this control in their own browsers, they need to have installed the MFC runtime library.

Besides, because ActiveX controls are designed to run on Windows, Macintosh, and UNIX computers eventually, Microsoft wrote a non-MFC specification so that ActiveX controls could be made smaller and more portable.

ActiveX Control Pad text editor

The ActiveX Control Pad text editor is the same tool you get with Windows Notepad. A significant difference is that the ActiveX Control Pad editor does not suffer from the 64KB file size limit that Notepad does.
Unfortunately, other than creating a skeleton HTML file by default when opening a new file, there aren't any added HTML helpers such as the ones found in commercial HTML tools.

The object editor makes it easy for you to insert ActiveX controls into your HTML pages. The most difficult thing about using ActiveX controls usually is getting the CLSID numbers right in your HTML code.

Besides, you usually need to look up and include the parameters of each control you put into your documents. The object editor automatically places the correct CLSID number into HTML and makes setting parameter values visual and straightforward.
ActiveX controls are programmed just like any other object on your Web page. You set the properties of the control, and then your script reacts to messages sent by the user interacting with the objects in the browser.

Because this is happening mostly on the client machine, the speed of the operation is limited only by your customer's hardware.

When you install an OCX file, registered with the operating system in a system database called the Registry.
When an OCX file is registered, its unique class ID number is placed in the system Registry. The CLSID number called from your HTML Web page instantiates the object on the page on the client machine.

Most ActiveX custom controls would have to be downloaded and installed on the user's machine before viewed in the user's browser.

ActiveX controls are automatically downloaded to the user's machine if the CODEBASE parameter of the <OBJECT> tag is specified.
Chart control

The Chart control works just like any chart you might use in Excel or Visual Basic. You provide a matrix of numeric values, and a chart is created that models those values.
Using the Chart control, you can provide your user with up-to-the-minute feedback regarding a set of numbers.

Popup Menu control

The Popup Menu control is used to create a popup menu when the user clicks a named control or image link with the mouse on a Web page.
This control is used mostly for navigational purposes. If you have a lot of links on a Web page that contains other important data, you can place those links in a popup, giving your page a cleaner look.

Preloader control

You can use the Preloader control to anticipate the desires of your users and to download what, presumably, will be the next page they want to see.
When they're ready to look at the page, it pops up instantly.

StockTicker control

The StockTicker control downloads information and displays it at preset intervals. The data files displayed can be in either text format or XRT format.
To create a file to be used by the StockTicker control in text format, place the letters XRT on the first line and then specify the data as name-tab-value-CR/LF lines.

Timer Control

You can use the Timer to control time-based events in your code. The timer is especially useful if you need to track a repetitive event.

If you do not have a timer to use in your pages, you have to use a loop in code, which bogs down your system.
Using controls that you purchase in your pages is not much different than using controls that are freely available.
You must make the control available to your user as an ActiveX control that loads itself, or you need to make sure that the control is registered on your user's machine. You also must adhere to the licensing requirements for the control.
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VBScript Objects


In Microsoft's colorful terminology, each entity you see on the browser's window is an object.
Objects "expose" some of their properties, which enables you to manipulate them. Some of these properties represent objects themselves, which expose their properties.

The document object represents the HTML document displayed on the browser's window or one of its frames.
Its properties and methods you can manipulate the appearance or even the contents of the document.

Window Object

The window object is the top level object in this hierarchy and acts as a container for all other objects.
This object is the browser's window you see on-screen; moreover, every parameter of the window you can adjust through VBScript code is a property of the window object.

A window can also contain frames, which you can access through the frames object.
The frames object is an array of objects, the first frames(0), the second one frames(1), and so on.

Location Object

The location object is a property of the document object, which enables you to manipulate the URL of the document displayed in the window.

One property the location object provides is called href, and is the URL of the document displayed. It is the URL displayed in Internet Explorer's Address box.

The Parent property returns the name of the parent window, which contains the specific window.
The parent property of the window object is an object itself, and through its properties, you can adjust the appearance of the parent window.

Self Object

self is a window object that represents the current window, but, although mentioned in Microsoft's documentation, it's not yet supported by Internet Explorer 3.0.
This property operates similarly to the parent and opener properties, in the sense that it returns a window object, and not the name of the window.

History Object

A history object is an invisible object that provides methods for navigating through the document's history.
It provides the functionality of the browser's navigational buttons, with the added benefit that you can access this feature through programming.

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VBScript Features

One of the coolest features of VBScript is its capability to generate HTML on-the-fly.
You can use the programming capabilities of VBScript to decide what should appear on the page and how it should appear. Then the script code can output the HTML for display within the browser window.
In addition to using the onLoad event, you can embed VBScript code anywhere within your page's HTML. It is useful when most of your page based on static HTML, but you want to use VBScript code to display some HTML that changes with varying conditions.

A good example of this is displaying the current date on the page. You also can use this technique to embed different graphics and messages, depending on any variable information to which VBScript has access; time of day, type of Web browser the user is running, and even the history list that contains the last few pages the user visited.

document.open method

The new document is started using the document.open method. It opens a new output stream with which you can write HTML text.

It also clears the document currently displayed in the browser. After this comes various document.writeln method invocations.
VBScript can be tied to CGI/ISAPI applications in both directions. First, the CGI/ISAPI application can generate an HTML document containing VBScript code.

Moreover, this code may depend on the data that was input into the CGI application.
Most Web servers provide the capability to launch applications from a Web page and pass the application information that entered onto the Web page. The application then produces some output page based on the data it received.

These applications usually are common gateway interface (CGI) or Internet Server API (ISAPI) applications. They must be written to accept input from the Web server and to return data to the server in the proper format.

It is possible to use VBScript to alter the way the Web page interacts with the CGI/ISAPI application. The script code could change the data before submitted to the application, for example.

It is useful when the server-side application is expecting a field to be in a specific format, but the Web page gives the user more flexibility in an entry. The script code then can interpret the entered data and format it properly for submission.
When the HTML form is submitted, VBScript code can be used to determine which entry selected in the list box.
VBScript code can also be used to submit the proper code value to the server application.

In addition to interacting with server-side applications using VBScript, you can interact with databases located on the Web server.

By using the Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS) with the Internet Database Connector (IDC) provided with the server software, you can create a very dynamic database query and reporting tool.

An output template file embeds some pretty useful VBScript code into the page displayed in response to the IDC script.
An IDC script is a file used by the IDC to generate a database query. This query based on HTML form input variables, or it always can execute the same SQL statement.
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