Configuring MySQL server

MySQL has three different kinds of configuration, both for the server process at server startup and for the client processes when a user executes them.

In order of preference, these configuration options include:

Command-line options
Configuration file options
Environment variable options

MySQL specifies options according to the different groups, usually the names of the server tools. The options arranged in group segments. The group name placed within brackets and options applied to it follow.

It can be more clear when you will see the default /etc/my.cnf file.

[mysqld]

user=mysql

datadir=/var/lib/mysql

pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

port=3306

basedir=/usr

tmpdir=/tmp

language=/usr/share/mysql/English

View the different options currently set for both server and client

Run mysqld directly with the –help option.

/usr/libexec/mysqld –help

changing the configuration of MySQL

basedir=directory

Specifies the root directory of your MySQL install.

batch

Executes in batch mode, meaning no command-line prompts or other information is sent to stdout. It is the default mode when used with a pipe.

character-sets-dir=directory

Specifies where your character set files stored.

compress

Tells the client and server to use compression in the network protocol.

datadir=directory

Specifies the location of MySQL's data files.

debug=filename

Specifies a file to send debug information.

force

Indicates that you want processing to continue for client utilities even when an error encountered.

host=hostname

Identifies the host to which a client should connect by default.

language=language

Specifies the language to use for localization.

log=filename

Specifies the file to which connections and queries logged.

log-isam=filename

Specifies the file to which isam changes logged.

password=password

Specifies a default password for clients to use to connect.

port=port_#

Specifies the port number to which the server should listen and to which clients should connect.

silent

Silently exit if a connection failure occurs.

skip-new-routines

Tells the MySQL server to avoid new, potential buggy routines.

skip-grant-tables

Tells the server to ignore all grant tables, effectively giving all users full access to the database server.

skip-locking

Potentially provides better system performance by avoiding system locking. It should not used in conjunction with isamchk or myisamchk.

sleep=seconds

Sleep between commands.

socket=name

Socket file to use for local connections.

user=username

Specifies the user name to use for client connections.

variable-name =value

Sets the specified variable name to a particular value.

verbose

Tells MySQL to talk more about what is happening.

wait

Tells the client to wait after a connection failure and then retry the connection.

MySQL supports multiple configuration files. As a general rule, it checks files in the following order of preference:

User configuration file (Linux only).
Configuration file specified through the –defaults-extra-file=filename option.
A configuration file in the MySQL data directory.
The system configuration file.
In all cases except the command-line and user configuration options, the name of the configuration file on Unix is my.cnf and on Windows is my.ini.
A Unix user can override system configuration information by building their configuration file in ~/.my.cnf.
The system configuration file on a Linux system is /etc/my.cnf.

Windows, on the other hand, has two system configuration locations, in order of preference:

C:my.cnf

C:WINNTSystem32my.cnf

You can alternately specify a file on the command line using the –defaults-file=filename option.

This option causes all the possibilities defined in other files to be ignored, even if they not overridden in the file you specify.

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